Where What When: We are getting so much conflicting information about Omicron. Do we know anything yet about how dangerous it is? To whom? How do you know if you have Delta or Omicron? Does it matter?
Dr. Yosef Levenbrown: As of January 1, in the region of the United States that includes Maryland, the CDC was reporting that the current strains of COVID were 93.8% Omicron and 6.2% Delta. The numbers in Maryland reflected these percentages. However, in other regions, such as New York, it was 88% Omicron and 12% Delta. In order to determine the subtype of a COVID virus, one has to run a special test, which is not a commercial test that is available to the public. These tests that subtype the virus to determine which variant it is are often run in state labs or in hospitals on behalf of the state. So, when someone is positive for COVID, there is no easy way to determine which variant he or she has.
Recent data that has been reported on Omicron seems to indicate that it is more contagious than earlier variants and has resulted in more breakthrough cases in vaccinated people as well as people who have had prior COVID infections, compared with prior variants. In both lab studies and real world studies, the mRNA vaccines (Pfizer and Moderna) have been shown to be effective against Omicron, not in terms of preventing someone from getting COVID but in terms of protecting one from severe symptoms of COVID. Getting three vaccines (the primary series plus a booster shot) has been shown in both lab and real world studies to be more effective than two vaccines. However, most of the people who have been getting severe COVID symptoms, including hospitalization and death from Omicron, have been unvaccinated.